Important PECB ISO-IEC-27002-Foundation Exam Questions

Answer: C

Explanation:

Information security should be integrated into project management so that security risks related to projects and deliverables are effectively addressed. Projects often introduce new systems, processes, suppliers, data flows, technologies, applications, facilities, or business changes. If security is considered only after implementation, weaknesses may already be embedded in design, architecture, contracts, code, configurations, or operating procedures. ISO/IEC 27002 Control 5.8 expects information security to be integrated into project management activities so risks are identified and treated throughout the project lifecycle. This includes security requirements, risk assessments, roles and responsibilities, acceptance criteria, testing, supplier requirements, privacy considerations, change control, and secure transition to operation. Option A is too general and focuses on applying ISO/IEC 27001 principles rather than the precise purpose of the control. Option B is too narrow because audits can support assurance but are not the primary reason for integration. The main purpose is risk management within projects and deliverables. Therefore, option C is verified. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.8 Information security in project management; Control 8.26 Application security requirements; Control 8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance.

Answer: B

Explanation:

A fire alarm is a detective and technical control. It is detective because it identifies or signals that a fire-related event may be occurring. The alarm does not normally stop the fire from starting, and it does not restore damaged assets after the event. Its purpose is to detect indicators such as smoke, heat, or fire and trigger response actions such as evacuation, suppression, emergency communication, or incident handling. It is technical because it operates through engineered or electronic mechanisms rather than through management approval, legal clauses, or purely administrative processes. ISO/IEC 27002:2022 classifies controls using attributes, including control type. Control types include preventive, detective, and corrective. Fire alarms align with the physical security control area because fire is a physical and environmental threat to information processing facilities, equipment, storage media, and supporting infrastructure. The value of the control is timely detection, reducing the chance that a physical event escalates unnoticed into major damage or service disruption. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 4 control attributes; Control 7.4 Physical security monitoring; Control 7.5 Protecting against physical and environmental threats.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Access control software that allows only authorized employees to access sensitive files is a preventive control. Its purpose is to stop unauthorized access before it occurs by enforcing approved access rules. In ISO/IEC 27002, access control is implemented through policies, identity management, authentication, authorization, access rights review, privileged access control, and restrictions on information access. This type of software can prevent unauthorized disclosure, unauthorized modification, misuse of sensitive data, and violation of privacy or contractual obligations. It is not primarily detective because it does not merely discover an event after it has happened. It is not corrective because it does not restore damaged information or reverse the impact of an incident. Its security value is in blocking access attempts that do not meet authorization criteria. The principle behind the control is least privilege: users should receive only the access necessary for their role and responsibilities. For sensitive files, this is especially important because confidentiality, integrity, and accountability depend on correct authorization. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.15 Access control; Control 5.16 Identity management; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 8.3 Information access restriction.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Confidentiality is breached when information is made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes. Option A is the correct answer because employees from all departments have access to colleagues' personal data, even though such access should normally be restricted to authorized roles such as HR, payroll, compliance, or designated management. Internal users can still be unauthorized users when their role does not justify access. ISO/IEC 27002 addresses this through access control, access rights management, classification, privacy protection, and information access restriction. Option B is an availability issue because a department cannot access needed customer phone numbers due to equipment failure. Option C is an integrity issue because banking information was accidentally modified. The confidentiality principle is specifically about limiting disclosure and availability of information to authorized parties only. Personal data requires additional care because privacy obligations may apply, and excessive internal access can create legal, ethical, and reputational harm. The verified answer is therefore option A. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.15 Access control; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 5.34 Privacy and protection of PII; Control 8.3 Information access restriction.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Control 5.35, Independent review of information security, is the control intended to ensure that the organization's approach to managing information security remains suitable, adequate, and effective. Independent reviews provide objective evaluation of whether policies, processes, controls, responsibilities, and implementation remain aligned with business needs, risks, legal requirements, and the organization's security objectives. The review may consider governance, control design, control operation, risk treatment, compliance, incident trends, technology changes, supplier dependencies, and audit results. Control 5.4, Management responsibilities, is important because management must ensure personnel apply security according to policies and procedures, but it is not the control specifically focused on independent review. Control 5.24 concerns planning and preparation for incident management, which supports response capability but does not broadly assess the continuing suitability of the whole security approach. The phrase ''suitable, adequate and effective'' is a strong indicator of review and assurance. ISO/IEC 27002 uses independent review to challenge assumptions, detect weaknesses, and support continual improvement. Therefore, option B is the verified answer. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.35 Independent review of information security; Control 5.36 Compliance with policies, rules and standards for information security; Control 5.4 Management responsibilities.