Important Fortinet FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Exam Questions

Answer: B

Explanation:

In an ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) network, a dynamic VPN tunnel is established on-demand between spokes to optimize traffic flow and reduce latency.

Process:

1. Traffic Initiation:

2. Hub Detection:

3. Shortcut Offer:

4. Tunnel Establishment:

Answer: D

Explanation:

In an IBGP (Internal BGP) network, all routers must be fully meshed, meaning every router must establish a BGP session with every other router in the same autonomous system (AS). This does not scale well in large networks due to the exponential increase in BGP sessions.

To optimize and scale IBGP, Route Reflectors (RRs) are used. A Route Reflector (RR) reduces the number of IBGP peer connections by allowing a centralized router (RR) to redistribute IBGP routes to other IBGP peers (called clients). This eliminates the need for a full mesh, significantly reducing BGP session overhead.

By configuring the route-reflector-client setting on IBGP peers, an administrator can:

Scale IBGP sessions by reducing the number of direct BGP peer connections.

Optimize the routing table by ensuring routes are efficiently propagated within the IBGP network.

Eliminate the need for full mesh topology, making IBGP more manageable.

Answer: A, C

Explanation:

The MAC address e0:23:ff:fc:00:86 follows the format used in FortiGate High Availability (HA) clusters. When FortiGate devices are in an HA configuration, they use virtual MAC addresses for failover and redundancy purposes.

The suspicious packet is related to a cluster that has VDOMs enabled: FortiGate devices with Virtual Domains (VDOMs) enabled use specific MAC address ranges to differentiate HA-related traffic. This MAC address is likely part of that mechanism.

The suspicious packet is related to a cluster with a group-id value lower than 255: FortiGate HA clusters assign virtual MAC addresses based on the group ID. The last octet (00:86) corresponds to a group ID that is below 255, confirming this option.

Answer: A, D

Explanation:

IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange version 2) is an improvement over IKEv1, offering enhanced security, efficiency, and flexibility in VPN configurations.

It includes stronger Diffie-Hellman (DH) groups, such as Elliptic Curve (ECP) groups.

IKEv2 supports stronger cryptographic algorithms, including Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) groups such as ECP256 and ECP384, providing improved security compared to IKEv1.

It supports the extensible authentication protocol (EAP).

IKEv2 natively supports EAP authentication, which allows integration with external authentication mechanisms such as RADIUS, certificates, and smart cards. This is particularly useful for remote access VPNs where user authentication must be flexible and secure.

Answer: D

Explanation:

To minimize CPU and RAM usage while still enforcing security features like web filtering and application control, SSL certificate inspection mode is the best choice.

SSL certificate inspection allows FortiGate to inspect only the SSL/TLS handshake, including the Server Name Indication (SNI) and certificate details, without decrypting the full encrypted payload.

This enables features like web filtering and application control because FortiGate can determine the destination website or application based on SNI and certificate information.

It significantly reduces system load compared to full SSL inspection, which requires full decryption and re-encryption of traffic.